Ethics, Privacy, and Security Sides of Computer Spammer Issue Essay

Ethics, Privacy, and Security Sides of Computer Spammer Issue - Essay Example They flood the networks through continuous bombardments. The interests of ordinary users are of no threat to anyone else especially their privacy and flow of information across the network. In case of spammers, the activities are motivated by damage and illegal practices. There is the margin of improvement to the manner in which Spamhaus operates. It has raised the eyebrows in cases where organizations have become a victim of this barring process Spamhaus methodology is based on the idea of segregation. Separating the good from the bad and this is done through blocking of the list of ids which are habitual offenders. Once the list is compiled that of blacklist ids, their list is sent across the networks of institutions and organizations. However, their work and the methods adopted has resulted in various legal constraints from time to time. Though the methods adopted by them have made the task relatively easy and according to some, the inboxes would get flooded with junk and spams incase Spam Haus was not in place and not conducting the operations. While the Spamhaus process does irk some of the business community members, due to the indiscriminate and at times random blocking, the solution can be reached by installing effective software and firewalls at the back end that stream out the spam and other junk mails prior to reaching the customers. In this method the direct approach and reach to customers can be eliminated and as a result, only those ips and addresses can reach to the customers that are authenticated and of no damage. This can by large resolve the issues faced in the case of Spamhaus. There are multiple legal issues faced in the usage and application of Spamhaus.

Privacy Matters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Privacy Matters - Essay Example Therefore, for the companies to attract many people and build trust on their web site users, they have developed privacy statements that give detail of their (users) privacy. A Privacy statement is a web document found on the web site of a company or a firm that gives details of the type of personally identifiable information that the company or the firm collects about those who visit its site (Turnbull 158). In addition, the statement also explains how the information collected is going to be used, who it is going to be shared with and how the users themselves can control the information gathered from them. Although all companies have privacy statements, the privacy statements vary from one company to another and entail different issues (Turnbull 155). This paper therefore, compares and contrasts published corporate privacy statements of three companies, that is, General Motors company, Panasonic Electric Works Corporation of America (PEWA) and Emetrix Company. All these companies o perate corporate web sites and it is in these web sites that their privacy statements are found (Turnbull 155). The privacy statements of these three companies have some similarities and differences. The statements have quite a number of similarities. Firstly, all the privacy statements of these companies are readily available and easily accessible.

Analysis of the Market for Olestra Based Potato Chips Essay -- Busines

An Analysis of the Market for Olestra-Based Potato Chips Who wouldn?t want to munch on delectable potato chips all day without the worry of adding extra inches to the waistline? This is the assumption the manufacturers of Olestra-based potato chips are banking on. Olestra is a ?fake-fat?; it is a cooking oil, made by a combination of sucrose and vegetable oil, whose numerous fatty acid chains are indigestible by the human body. Therefore, it imbues potato chips with the same flavor and texture as their full-fat cousins but diminishes the guilt factor substantially. Olestra chips have zero fat and half the calories of the full-fat varieties (ACSH). Obviously, this is quite an attractive prospect to chip producers, especially in the current times where thinness and physical fitness reign supreme. Presently, there appear to be three major potato chip brands using the fake-fat technology: Frito-Lay?s WOW! Chips, Procter and Gamble?s Fat Free Pringles, and Utz Brand Yes chips (though Utz is sold almost exclusively on the eastern half of the country). The market structure is a bit interesting, considering that the Olestra oil is an innovation of Procter and Gamble alone. Adding to this interest is the heated controversy surrounding the fake-fat chips, which has undoubtedly had some effect on pricing and market behavior. Before examining the market workings of today, it could perhaps be beneficial to review a brief history of Olestra. Olestra is not a new fat substitute by any means; Procter and Gamble scientists discovered it in 1968. They esterified eight fatty acid residues to a molecule of sucrose, reasoning that the increased number of fatty acid chains would help premature infants to absorb more fat. However, ... ...98. http://www.acsh.org/publications/story/olestra Annual Report: Pepsico Corporation. ?1998 Annual Report.? 1998 http://www.pepsico.com Annual Report: Pepsico Corporation. ?1999 Annual Report.? 1999 http://www.pepsico.com Annual Report: Pepsico Corporation. ?2000 Annual Report.? 2000 http://www.pepsico.com Baumol, William J. and Alan S. Blinder. Economics: Principles and Policy. Fort Worth: Harcourt. 2001 Center for Science in the Public Interest. ?A Brief History of Olestra.? 2000. http://www.cspinet.org/olestra/history.html CNN. ?FDA Panel Generally Endorses Safety of Olestra.? June 17, 1998. http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9806/17/olestra.fda FDA Backgrounder. ?Olestra and Other Fat Substitutes.? November 28, 1995 http://www.fda.gov/opacom/backgrounders/olestra.html Olean. ?Answers to Questions about Olean.? Procter and Gamble. 1998 http://www.olean.com

Accountant’s Role in Project Feasibility Essay

Many new projects which have passed countless feasibility and viability appraisal studies have been sunk by unexpected events such as flood. fire, burglary, changes in legislation, plague, demographic shifts, an inability recruit and/or keep suitable staff, the failure of a major customer, seasonal demands, health scares, product recalls due to poor quality, withdrawal of financial support, weather, new technology and poor management to list but a few. Many projects of course can pass feasibility tests and studies and be brought undone by sheer incompetence or downright dishonesty. A key factor in any feasibility study must be ensuring that you are dealing with correct facts, correct assumptions and up to date financial data. Almost daily, Tanzanian Newspapers Larry prominent reports of new manufacturing ventures soon to be launched by individual or by local groups. Perhaps, tomorrow a state government will be telling us how college industries will stem the flow of youths from rural to urban areas. From the headlines alone Tanzanians cannot escape the feeling that the rest holds great promise for unprecedented economic and social progress. But these expectations will be fulfilled only if most of the specific projects survive their early lives. Besides, not all those new projects will be completed. Some that get completed will not prove profitable and may soon close down. According to Nwoko (1988:34) summits that in simple terms one reason for which new projects may not be completed but have to be abandoned or profitable ventures may get choked up by controllable environmental factors and circumstance is that proper feasibility analysis was not conducted before take –off of project. According to Ume 91977:10).. stated that proposals schemes or projects for social, environmental and economic development demand feasibility and viability appr aisal. See more:  Manifest Destiny essay In fact the two fundamental questions which feasibility and viability appraisal seek to answer are inevitable for prudent decision making at all levels in the society. The entrepreneur must have a long range outlook on the intended business investment, examine the alternative uses of capital and account for inflation in future value of cash flows, and forecast future events and financial requirements and carry sensitivity and risk analysis. These are highly technical areas of knowledge that calls for expertise skills. Therefore this category of valuation holds out limitless opportunities and boundless scope for service and rewards for the accountants, economists, valuers or appraisers. This study provides an analysis and illustration of the principles of feasibility and viability appraisals and highlights the essence of the subject matter. It also brings into sharp focus the accountants essential contributions which have hitherto tended to be lost in wide diffusion 1.1Background. The study is divided into two sections. Section one which comprises chapter 1,2 and 3 deals with the main basis, scope and methodology of he research. Specifically, chapter two provides an evaluation of the theoretical concept of investment appraisal. Hence, the contributions of various writers with regard to the concepts of feasibility and viability studies as well as the role of the accountant there off are examined under the heading â€Å"literature review†. The second section comprises chapter 4 and 5, and focuses on feasibility and viability case study on a practical illustration of feasibility and viability case study of a household cassava-starch production. 1.2Statement of the problem One of the problems of a successful industrialization in the developing countries is undoubtedly lack of formulation of a project in such a way that its potential profitability either from the public or private view point can be estimated on a firm basis. According to Ezeanagu (1991:14). This assertion is evidently proved by the survival rate of the national directorate of employment supported small scale enterprises in Nigeria which has been put at a mere 15%. According to Uwakaneme (1980:1) this problem can be pinned on the tendency in Nigeria entrepreneurs to neglect thinking through their plans carefully in the beginning in form of feasibility and viability study before committing scarce funds and energy apart from insufficient starting capital and shortage of skilled technical and managerial manpower. Many good business ventures are abandoned after plunging in huge amounts of money because their originator just embarked upon them in that they feel there is market demand and they could get enough funds to execute the project. According to Ughamadu 91990:18) regrettably, as Uwakaneme (1980:3) puts it, many Nigerian businessmen see feasibility studies not as a vital part of their project but as an imposition and an absolute necessity for fulfilling loan requirements or for attracting equity participation. Thus, the more embellished the report the better. Available evidence indicates that even trusted accountants, consultants prepare project reports and projections to suit their clients requirements and earn their fees: insensitive of the credibility to Olashore 91985:5), consequently, the proposals get rejected by the bankers, or share the facilities granted, the business proprietors soon find themselves in trouble when they are faced with real life situations as distinct from the rosy picture painted by the initial projections by the accountants. 1.3Research objectives 1.To determine the main techniques of appraisal commonly adopted for analytical purposes and to determine the reasonableness of such in practical situations. 2.To appraise the potential of feasibility and viability studies in successfully carrying out a project ideas. 3.To identify the general role of the accountant in the formation and development of business. 4.To identify the specific role of the accountant in feasibility and viability appraisals. 5.To illustrate the principles and applications of feasibility and viability studies suing a small scale cassava starch plant as a case study Main objective Specific objective 1.4Research questions. Following from the problems identified in the problem statement as stated above, the following fundamental questions have income imperative for this study: 1.What are the underlying principles and significance of feasibility and viability appraisals? 2.What impact do feasibility and viability appraisals have on the survival o failure of new projects? 3.What is the role of a professional accountant in the preparation of credible feasibility and viability appraisals in order to help avert project failure 1.5Scope of the study This study does not dwell much on the truth or otherwise of the failure of accountants to carry out their role in feasibility and viability appraisals but merely examines what that role should be using a case study. Hence, there is no hypothesis or any proof of such. Research works in Nigeria especially those adopting interview approach, are beset with a lot of limitations which include mass illiteracy, dearth of reliable secondary data prejudice against the research himself and ensure secrecy. Many of these limitations were experienced in the course of its study. The study was carried out mainly in Enugu although some data were gathered in Lagos. Therefore, the case study may not be regarded as a â€Å"fact accompli† report for investment purposes as only a limited investment has been conducted and a number of assumptions made. These limitations not withstanding it is believed that the findings of the study could be useful and should form the basis for further studies on the subject. 1.6significance of the study If a project is well formulated and thoroughly appraised, a good follow-through on the subsequent stages of the project will see to its goals being achieved. Appraisal involves a careful checking of the basic data, assumptions and methodology used in project preparation, an in-depth review of the work plan, cost estimates and proposed financing, an assessment of the project’s organizational and management aspects, and finally the validity of the financial, economic and social benefits expected from the project. On the basis of such an assessment, a judgement is reached as to whether the project is technically sound, financially justified and viable from the point of view of the economy as a whole. The target audiences of this study are students of accountancy in the tertiary educational institutions and all those interested in the field of project evaluation. Since there appears to be no existing literature on the role of the accountant in feasibility and viability studies, this project attempts to till that gap for the benefit of accounting students. It would also help young entrepreneurs and indeed the management of small-scale business to appreciate the necessity of feasibility and viability appraisal which will translate to the survival of their business which will in turn enhance the attainment of the government objective of rapid industrialization 1.7Limitation and delimitation of the study 1.8DEFINITION OF TERMS The following are the contextual definition of some terms used in the study: ACCOUNTANT: PROJECT: A project is the use of one or more scarce resources during specific time period for the purpose of producing some economic returns or output at a later time. A project is the consumption in the near future of scarce or at least limited resources in the hope of obtaining in return over a longer is an optimum set in the investment oriented by means of which a defined continuation of human and material resources is expected to cause a determined amount of economic and social development. According Nweze (1987:†34) INVESTMENT: According to SIR D.C Osuagwu (2003:31) investments are carried out primarily for maximizing an entities wealth and can be varied into: Mechanization of process where a firm wants to change its manual system of production to installation of a machine or expansion is a process. Investment is an economic activity designed to increases, improve or maintain the productive qualify of the existing stock of capital. According to Nweze (1987:34). NB: project evaluation, investment analysis or appraisals are for the purpose of this study, synonymous and therefore used interchangeably here. FEASIBILITY AND VIABILITY Feasibility and viability have been explained in detail elsewhere in this study. But for the present purpose let it suffice that respectively the mean â€Å"practicability and profitability†

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Essay on Change Analysis Chart Postclassical (600-1450 C.E.)

* Change Analysis Chart Postclassical (600-1450 C.E.) | Basic Features at Beginning of period | Key Continuities | Key Changes | Basic Features at End of Period | Reasons for Change or Continuities | Global Trade What other trading systems existed at the beginning of the period? The Indian Ocean system is a continuity, not a change.What about the gold-salt trade? Dont you mean the Pax Mongolica? | * Trade was very international. * Silk roads linked Eurasia, and goods traded hands many times along the roads. | * There was still international trade. * The silk roads were still in use as major trade routes. | * New trade routes were made, such as the Indian Ocean routes, and old routes were expanded upon, like the silk†¦show more content†¦You really didnt discuss labor in your continuities. What other major changes were there. Discuss the rise of serfdom in Europe for example. | * agriculture was more popular due to the lack of the major growth of cities * was always labor organization, either on manors or in Indian guilds | * India kept guilds throughout the entire period * always encouraged trade and economic growth * was economically the other half of agricu lture | * Europe developed a system of guilds * Bubonic plague cases drop in labor | * guilds were developed * it promoted trade among different societies * labor increased with growth of cities | * disease caused for the decline in the middle ages * guilds develop to regulate laws of a particular occupation * growth of cities increased because of the need for more labor involved products | Human Effects on the Environment Your beginning features and continuities are good; you need more changes. Discuss the ending features further. | * The environment had already been changed by: slash and burn, deforestisation, desertification. The more people cultivated the lands, the more they changed it. Many societies also used irrigation systems and built canals, dikes, etc. to meet their own needs. | * People kept adapting

The Political Crisis Of The 1790 S - 869 Words

Breann Allen Short Essay 2 AMH2010 More than personality fueled the political crisis of the 1790’s; two strong individuals dominated the era. (Reader, 165) The federalist split into two factions over financial policy and the French Revolution, and their leaders, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, offered contrasting visions of the future. (Textbook, 193) The conflict gave rise to political parties by creating factions on opposite political sides. Both saw a great future for the nation but very different approaches. Washington as President took advice from some of his advisors--especially Hamilton, but ultimately he made the decisions. (Lectures, Slide 2) When Washington was in office two political groups formed the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist-which had not become parties. James Madison and John Adam contributed to the creation of the two parties, but Hamilton and Jefferson represented the two parties. Hamilton wanted us to start to push our own goods. Industrialization was essential in his views. (Farless) He believed that a strong government would provide a good business that would allow industries to grow. He established a National Bank and funded the National Debt so that the United States would have a national credit that would standardize a national currency. Hamilton argued that the bank would provide stability to the specie-starved American economy by making loans to merchants, handling government funds, and issuing bills of credit; much as theShow MoreRelatedThe Scope Of Gordon Wood s History862 Words   |  4 Pagesto cover a lot of territory in his lengthy study of a crucial period in the nation’s history. Wood spent nearly twenty years preparing this work, and yet he dedicates a whole chapter the two years preceding the turn of the 19th century. I chose The Crisis of 1798-1799 because it seemed to be one of the most germane selections in the book. 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